Process of making poultry feed.



W. G. BOHRMANN.

PROCESS OF MAKING POULTRY FEED.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 20, 1912.

WlTN ESSES Patented Mar125,1913.

INVENTOR A 1,o'; ';;2 15;f

app i ation liedlanuryag lilii: Serial in. 618,34

PATENT --orrrcn. I

- c. ammy sm'mucrsco, acannonm Be it known that I, Wmm c nemmisn, a citizen ofthe United States,and-a resident of the city and .countyof San Franflge 'so called mash f invention possesses many o fqarng-or' manufacturing granular po feed l for. poultry in a ularform fr'om or balanced ration.

vantegeous features, which, with.the fore-.

oing illi beset forth at-le {in the folowing description, where I all outlinem e characteristics of the feed,:the prefem-ed method of making-the same and one form of apparatus which may be'used itsmanufacture.

The noveltyr of the inventionwill included in the=claims succeeding and forming partpfvthe'presentspecificationt From this uantities of so-ca I t ey either mix themselves 01- urehase in. mixed form ready for feeding;- hese meal lground willow cfid coal, ground shriv- ,eledwheat, dried-meat scraps and. occa 1t Willfbfl aggarent that I do not 1imit=my self; to the; owin and'descri' tion as may adopt many variatlonsin e process and in the apparatuswithin the scope =7of 'my invention expressed in'said claims' i.j 3:-

In addition to cracked corn, wheat, barley; choggfeed and other forms of hard granular foo fed to poulti, 'oultrymen feed large d t'mash feed which feedsnconsist erally1of bran, mid shorts',.crack corn,

bone, oil-ca o chicks' te -la 'he'ns. to hihifiate-"increased cg x--'pro action or; to:

poultrybeing 'fattened-.'. or market.v

From th'e'nature'of products k a into the composition of mesh feeds, it isevl- A or is" The-dry dusty nature'of the -m xtureot the--- e object of the inventionis toi provide a process of: preparing or 'manufaeturmgi' There are certain disadvantages to 'fe'edin' 'by either methodand alsocen tain disa vantages peculiar to each method.

forwhich the feed is to" rnocass or mere-ems! in a mechanical condition closely an what a mixture of wheat 'flour, bran cracked corn would be. In this dry powdery or floury form it is universally sold to the poultrymen'or when the is made'by the poultryman himself, the-condition is the same. These mashfeeds are fed both wet" and dry, some oultrymen lacing them be-- onditionin which they are bou ht and ot erS moistening i fore their fow in the the mash. so as to ring about partial cohe sion between. the dusty particles 'andrender the mass .crumbly, this making it easier for the fowls to eat. Both the wet and dry;

methods of feeding mash feeds are accomrgiisnied by their respective advantages and advanta and there is consequently a 'wide sprea controversy among-poultrymen and among scientists as to whether the should be fed wet or dry. 7

common ties of-the feed are-scattered'and wasted.

The feedis placed in atrough so that the .{fcwls are not forced tosearchand scratch' made-bytheadrawings for it; so-that they do not get: the necessary exercise called for b nature. In fact, some polfltryinen also f scatter among straw so that the fowls must I exercise 'in-order to get it. a The feed being .fed in a trough it is natural-that thew-eaker fdwls are forced awayand do not get the, a

required.- nourishment;

..':: vWhenthe mash feed is radii a wet on wheat grain which they I tion-it is evident that considerable time must be employed in preparing-it as'it is neees' r to-m xeach batch immediately prior to feeding. warm-weather mash will =quent1y start fermentation within a shOrt -time;i-iate'r-:-' being 'mixed; and when thus soured-itwill giye thefowls; diarrhea andoften kil lsythem. 'Thereis'alsovery considerable wast e in .tlie wetQmash due: to

mals to swallow and consequently theydrink much more water than is good for them. This nature of the feed also causes it to scatter and be scattered and on account of the fineness of most of the particles, it cannot be picked up from the ground by the birds. urther than' this, unless the mixture is evenly ground, the birds will pick out favorite coarser particles and do not thereby obtain a balanced ration, which is one of the prigcipal'reasons for feeding such mash ee s. 1 I In spite of the many disadvantages of mash feeds either wet or dry, there is economy in feeding them as compared to an exclusively grain diet. The ingredients of the mash feed being largely by-products, a

: certain amount of nutrltlve elements can be purchased in this form at a lower cost than the same amount of nutritive elements in whole grain or wheat or corn.- The mash "feed also has the advantage that it produces a balanced ration, that is, a ration in which the various nutritive elements are evenly balanced to be accommodated by the'diges-' tive organs ofthe animal. The two principal nutritiveelements in foods are the carbo-hydrates and proteids and these elements should be present in such proportion that they each 'may' be assimilatedby the digestive organs. Anexcess of either element over the proper proportion will cause such excess to pass through the digestive organ unassimilated and the nutritivevalues thereof are lost. i I By the process of my invention, I convert the mash feed intohard small grains approximating in size, dryness and hardness a grain of wheat, thereby obviating all of the disadvantages of mash feed, 'eitherin the wet or drystate and at the same time retaining all of its advantages' The feed offmy invention may be fed the same as grain wheat, causingthe fowls to exercise to obtain it and presenting a balanced ration in such form-and constituency as 1s called for by the digestive organs.

product makes it very diilicult forthe Etnl: I

In carrying out the process the mash feed is moistened, and preferably heated, to such a degree that the particles thereof "will partly cohere. The moist feed. is then rolled or pressed into granules or similarly shaped bodies of the proper size and then dried to produce the desired condition of dryness and hardness, After being moistened and heated (the two operationsbeing preferably -per-.

"formed simultaneously by. the use of" steam) I prefer to form the feed into a flat cake of substantiallyfequal thickness and thenpressing-or rolling the cake to form thegranules or particles. The steaming has the effect of simultaneously moistenin' and heating the starch globules .in' the earl so that they burst, thereby exposing the starch, which in l its moistened condition acts-as a binder to assist in holding the various ingredients together after pressure has been applied.

While I have herein referred to the product of my invention as a poultry feed it is evident that the same product, composed of difl'erent ingredients, may be used as a feed for cattle and live-stock. The desirability of a balanced ration for live stock is well understood and such rations are fed at the present time in the form, of a.wet or dry mash feed. When fed in either of these forms it is open to the same disadvantages as when fed to poultry andconsequently many objections are made to such feeding.

In the drawings accompanying and forming part" of this specification I have shown one form of apparatus for carrying out my process and producing the final product,but it is tobe understood that the a paratus may be varied without departing rom the spirit of my invention. p

Referring to the drawings :Figure 1 is a side elevation of the apparatus for carrying out the process, parts .of the apparatus .being'shown in section. Fig? is a plan or top view'of the apparatus. Fig. 3 is a detail of a fragment of the surface of the lower die roller and a longitudinal section through said fragment. Fig. 4 is a side and top view of the grains or granular product as they are formedin the die rollers.

The apparatus consists of a casing or chamber 2 in which is rranged a drum or cylinder 3 which is rev lved by power a plied to the pulley-4. The shaft 5 of t e drum is hollow and is provided with a plurality of apertures through which steam, which is introduced into the shaft 5 through the pipe 6, may pass. The drum 3 is open at the ends and is-provided with an internal spiral rib 7 for causing the movement of the mash feed toward the discharge end as the. drum is rotated.- A hopper or chute 8, extending from the exterior of the casing 2 into the drum 3 is provided for feeding thefeed into the drum.

Before passing into thechute 8, the feed is passedover powerful magnets which extract all iron or steel articles, such as wire and nails, therefrom, so that the pressure, and die rollers will not be injured. The

vefifect of the steam in the drum is to slightly moisten the dry mash feed and heat it, so

hesive mass all other ingredients of a non farinaceous nature.

As the mixture is discharged from the steaming and heating drum, it falls upon a ravens belt eonveyer 9 which extends into; the casing 2 and operates to convey-the ma-' terial to pressure rolls. Arranged above the conveyor 9. and supported upon a cross bar 12 is a reciprocating brush 13 which operates to distribute the mixture evenlyover the width of the conveyer. The conveyer 9 is driven by means of a'belt 14'which the frame 19 and areoonnected by the gears 21-22 so that they. revolve'synchronously and in opposlte -directions. The rolls are spaced apart therequired distance to'exert the necessary pressure upon the mixture and in order to prevent the mixture from adhering to the rolls it may be necessary to heat them internally with steam. After passing through the smooth steel pressure rollers the material emerges in the shape of a hard flexible continuous belt or rib on, pressed suiiiciently to enable it to hold together it IS fed into the [the rollers or other "means for forming it granules or similar forms.

Upon emergingfrom the pressure rolls the cake moves alo the guide, -.table' 23 and is fed between t e die rollers 24-25 which are preferably arranged one above the other. These. die rollers'are provided with gears 'so that they "revolve synchronously and in opposite directions and are driven from the ear .22 through the idlergear 26. These ie rollers 24-25 may be heated internally with steam if desired and- I tions 28, the rollers being so p aced that asa feed box .27 may .be provided for dusting the upper roller 24 wit a suitable substance to prevent thefeed from adhering thereto.

The surfaces of the die rollers are provided with contiguous diamond 'sha d indentathey revolve the indentations or the edges thereof on the upperroll re ter' exaetl with the similar elements on t e lower rol The bottoms ofthese indentations are curved so that the finished hard diamond shaped-grains from the. die rollers I- prefer tocause them to adhere to.

t5 monds an into whichsome of the feed roduct 29 is somewhat elliptical in vert ica longitudinal or cross section,and substahtially diamond shaped in plan.

In order to msure the-separation of the the lower roll 25 and then provide-means "for positively ripping them therefrom. I.

accomplish this. result by providing the lower roll. 25 withe'ircumferential 'ooves 31 pass" throughthe apexes of t e dianarrow connect" broken as the lroll or at a ater time. T stripped from the rollby a plurality-10 strip in blades -3-1 w ie act to force'the grains iron! the vessel the ..animal.svIt w feed whic consists in wa mest 1 to thelowet r011. Th are there fore, joinedtogether circumferentially ams are stripped-from the e grams are the grooves A by a v link 32 which is rea ily f dies. 7

As the grains or granules are removed from the ower' roll they fall into anuinf clinedchutefi firom which they an into a which also assist in removing the excess moisture. The length of the chute '34 and the temperature of the. air and steani are such that the grains, are dried and hardened to receiving vessel 35 f m-i hich theyarm removed to be sacked, chute 34 is pro videdwith a blower'Bti. for bl'ow' heated- 'air over the grains to dry'theman is'ipro: vided on its bottom with. steam pipes 371/ the p g before they ape d p itdfin t e receiving Vessel. In {running down. 4

the chute and in dropping into e'receiving grains are separated from each other,.so that the final product consists of separate Anly (grams which may adhere or .beattac e t rains of mash-feed, having thegeneral p 'ysical properties of naturalfeed.

ogether will beseparated b sacking and transportirfigbforthey are ed to the composed of; the desire ingredients to duce a balanced ration.

; I claim: p 1. The. EO S of pro- -gramilar in'ash Y therefore that jthe V final product a ha' fdggranular J i feed-whic consists in moistenin'g and'heat-" ing the feed and formingit into -g ra nules by pressure while hot.

' 2.. The feedwhic consists in mo stemng and heatthe feed, forming it into granules by pressure while and then drying the granules.

steam and forming'granules froin the hot massb pressure."

4, T e rocess of subgegtmglthe feed to steam, forming granules ni t v by pressure and then the granules.

5'. The rocessof g granular mash' feed whic consists in heating-and moistengranular mash process of mash 3. The anular mash feed which consists injsubjecti g the feed'to ehot 1118.88"

' ing the feed forming it into a cake by 'pr'essure while ot-and dividing the. cakeinto' H granule's'by pressure. Q '6. The rocessoff making granular mash feed whic consists in subject the feed to steam, fo it into-a ca'ke y re lsure and dividing sure.

' e granules: 'y pres- 7 granularimash feed whic feed which consists in agitatin the feed in the presence "of steam, forming it into a cake by pressure, dividing the cake into granules 2y pressure and subjecting the granules to 5 eat. I I

8. The process of making granular mash feed which consists in moistening t e feed, -formin it intogranules by press re and .subjectmg the granules to heat an agita- 10. tion.

9.' The consists in moistening the feed, formingit into a cake .by pressure, divlding the cake .into granulesand subjecting the 15 granules to heat and agitation.

10. The'process of making granular mash A rocess of making granular mash feed which consists in steaming the feed,.

forming it into a cake by pressure, dividing the cake into granules and subjecting the granules to heat and agitation.

- In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand at San Francisco, California, J anuary 1912;

WILLIAMC. BOHRMANN. In presence of H. G. Pnos'r, R. IIEFEERNAN'. 

